After emitting an alpha or beta particle, the nucleus will often still be ‘excited’ and will need to lose energy. It does this by emitting a high energy electromagnetic wave called a gamma ray. Gamma ...

Marshall Hargrave is a stock analyst and writer with 10+ years of experience covering stocks and markets, as well as analyzing and valuing companies. Gordon Scott has been an active investor and ...

Timothy Li is a consultant, accountant, and finance manager with an MBA from USC and over 15 years of corporate finance experience. Timothy has helped provide CEOs and CFOs with deep-dive analytics, ...

Abstract: Complex environmental geographical spaces exhibit characteristics such as nonlinearity, multiscale nature, and uncertainty, representing typical spatiotemporal dynamic systems. With the ...