Optical sensors are a broad class of device for detecting light intensity. This can be just a simple component for notifying when ambient light levels rise above or fall below a prescribed level, or a ...
Fibre optics and optical communications is the use of thin strands of glass for sending information encoded into light over long distances. Total internal reflection prevents light inserted into one ...
Abstract: The recently developed digital coherent receiver enables us to employ a variety of spectrally efficient modulation formats such as $M$-ary phase-shift ...
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