From comparison of the eyes of lampreys and jawed vertebrates, it is clear that a 'vertebrate-style' camera eye was already present in the last common ancestor of these taxa, around 500 million years ...
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are type-I transmembrane proteins with extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs and an intracellular Toll/interleukin-1R (TIR) domain. TLR genes are restricted to ...