Endian format refers to how multibyte variables are stored in a byte-wide memory. In 'big endian' format, the most significant byte is stored in the first byte (lowest address). In 'little endian' ...

For most UNIX systems, Linux included, device drivers typically divide the work of processing interrupts into two parts or halves. The first part, the top half, is the familiar interrupt handler, ...

Just as you can often treat device registers as a memory-mapped struct, you can treat an interrupt vector as a memory-mapped array. In my last column, I suggested that you use casts sparingly and with ...

This application note presents the RX family of microcontrollers on using multiple interrupts. The document includes the specifications, the operation confirmation conditions, the hardware and ...

This paper will discuss design practices and guidelines that will maximize the efficiency of interrupts and interrupt handling in an embedded system IC. These practices can result in a smaller code ...

Performance is a topic that never strays far from the mind of most embedded systems developers. However, relatively speaking, many of us have it easy. We develop soft real-time systems in which a few ...

Understanding RISC‑V traps is essential for Chip Designers building RISC‑V CPUs, microcontrollers, and complex SoCs. It’s equally important for Embedded Engineers who develop and debug software stacks ...