Living cells are fundamentally nonequilibrium systems, meaning they constantly spend energy through seemingly one-way, irreversible processes, such as transcribing DNA into RNA, to keep life going.

Lacra Bintu is an Assistant Professor of Bioengineering at Stanford University (CA, USA) who leads an interdisciplinary research group with a focus on developing new tools for mammalian synthetic ...

DNA methylation is a key epigenome component that helps dictate how genes are expressed, contributing to normal cell and tissue differentiation during development, as well as the process of biological ...