Surface charge interactions and ion specific effects form a cornerstone of many phenomena in aqueous systems. At a fundamental level, the inherent charge at the surface of minerals, soils, and ...

It is well known that protonated water forms when an acid dissolves in water, with the characteristic of hydronium ion or hydrated proton (H 3 O+). To date, the existence of the hydrated proton has ...

Scientists have created a novel thermoresponsive polymer by adding divalent cations to polymers and water solvents. They also succeeded in controlling thermoresponsive properties by changing the type ...