A recent study published in Environmental Research Letters explores this connection, drawing on decades of data from Costa Rica and Panama. The researchers found that the collapse of amphibian populations—caused by the fungal disease chytridiomycosis—was followed by significant increases in malaria incidence.

So far, Costa Rica has opened its borders, receiving one flight of 200 deportees from Central Asia and India. And Panama has so far received at least three flights of deportees, with plans to first house migrants at hotels before sending them to camps near the Darién Gap,

The Holland America Line cruise ship left Port Everglades on Feb. 2 and traveled through the Caribbean, Colombia, Panama and Costa Rica over 12 days.

The flight from San Diego landed in San José, the Costa Rican capital, on Thursday evening. The group of migrants on board included dozens of children, officials said.

Canada has been drawn alongside Puerto Rico, Panama and Nicaragua in Group B at the CONCACAF Women’s U‑17 Championship.

The migrants will be bused from Costa Rica's capital to a rural holding facility near the Panama border, where they will be detained up to 30 days to be flown back to their countries of origin, said Omer Badilla,