This note explores the implementation of central bank digital currencies in environments with limited connectivity, emphasizing the need for offline solutions to enhance financial inclusion. It ...

The Lands and Survey Department (LSD) of the Cayman Islands received technical assistance to finalize and disseminate the first Residential Property Price Index (RPPI) in November 2024. This was the ...

In May 2025, an assessment was undertaken of the data quality of the public sector debt statistics (PSDS) of Botswana against the IMF’s Data Quality Assessment Framework (DQAF) for PSDS. The mission ...

Serbia has grown at a rate comparable to peers over recent decades, but the income gap with the EU, albeit narrowing, remains large. As contributions from labor and capital to potential growth are ...

Governments have traditionally used targeted interventions known as industrial policy to make domestic producers more competitive or promote growth in selected industries. While some developing ...

An International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff team, led by Ms. Xiangming Li, IMF mission chief for Eswatini, visited Mbabane from July 24 - August 6, 2025, to conduct discussions for the 2025 Article IV ...

The updated System of National Accounts better captures digitalization, intangible assets, and global production—helping ...

On July 25, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation and fifth review of Zambia’s 38-month Extended Credit Facility (ECF) Arrangement, ...

Many emerging market and developing economies face threats to economic growth and limited policy space due to high inflation, rising debt, and balance of payments pressures. These challenges mounted ...

As its economic diversification advances, Saudi Arabia has shown strong resilience to external shocks. Non-oil economic activities continue to expand, inflation is contained, and unemployment has ...

Washington, DC: On July 28, 2025 the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) completed the Article IV Consultation for Saudi Arabia. [1] ...

Bissau’s tax potential using a stochastic frontier model and investigates the underlying sources of untapped revenue. Beyond benchmarking performance against structural peers, it tackles the complex ...