The concept of noise power ratio (NPR) has been around since the early days of frequency division multiplexed (FDM) telephone systems. The NPR is simply a measure of the “quietness” of an unused ...

It turns out the rapid growth of AI has a massive downside: namely, spiraling power consumption, strained infrastructure and runaway environmental damage. It’s clear the status quo won’t cut it ...

The ability to support an ADSL system over a very long reach at maximum data speed is limited by many factors, including the allowed transmission power, loop signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), ...

The transition from second-generation (2G) to third-generation (3G) wireless cellular systems requires multi-standard adaptability in a wireless receiver. An important answer to this request is the ...

The expanded availability of high-speed and very-high-speed ADCs and digital processing is making oversampling a practical architectural approach for broadband and RF systems. Semiconductor scaling ...

A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) lets us express the relationship between signal and noise powers, as well as between the root-mean-square (rms) values of signal and noise voltages: SNR (dB) = ...