Recent advancements in ultradeep drilling have led to a worldwide surge in ultradeep wells, making them pivotal to the energy industry. This study addresses these problems using the microelement ...

In pressure relief systems, accurately estimating temperature changes during fluid flow is vital for relief piping ...

The flow of all fluids, whether liquid or gas, will have one of three states: laminar, turbulent, and transitional. This article discusses flow principles and pressure-based flow measurement. Laminar ...

Feedwater control valves play a critical role in boiler operation. One important parameter of their design is the pressure drop at the rated condition as well as off-design conditions. However, ...

Designers should always consider flow velocity through hose and tubing to optimize performance while avoiding excessive losses or pressure spikes. This aerospace high-pressure pump installation ...

Bypass pipes, accompanied by a three-way control valve, are often seen in hydronic systems at both served loads (e.g., reheat coils) as well as at primary equipment (e.g., cooling towers). Reasons for ...