Animal survival depends on effective attack and defense strategies, yet how these behaviors arise remains unclear. Addressing ...

Animals protect themselves from being eaten by other animals in countless ways. Some are commonplace. Others are unconventional. Camouflage and running are well-known defenses. Not being seen by a ...

Mathematical modelling has long provided critical insights into the complex interactions between predators and their prey. Traditional approaches, such as the Lotka–Volterra model, lay the foundation ...