While predetermining mechanical properties supports this process, specifying grain size means that post-processing steps including drawing, coining, stamping, and machining turn-over lower scrap rates ...

The properties of steel can be improved in terms of fatigue, weldability, hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, ductility, and tensile strength by either alloy addition or heat treatment processes.

An artistic impression of the experiment: 3D rendering of the micro-scale stainless steel grain investigated in this study showing the evolution of defects inside it with time (early – blue lines, ...