To solve a 100-year puzzle in metallurgy about why single crystals show staged hardening while others don't, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) scientists took it down to the atomistic ...

The earliest blacksmiths in the Bronze and Iron Ages figured out that when they deformed metal through bending or hammering, it became stronger. This process, known as work or strain hardening, is ...

When people think of cryogenics, their minds go toward the various medical procedures that use extreme cold, such as those used for cancer treatments or wart removals. However, these aren't the only ...

"Prepared under the auspices of the Aluminum Association." Properties of pure aluminum -- Constitution of alloys -- Microstructure of alloys -- Work hardening, recovery, recrystallization, and grain ...