New research shows ancient tropical oceans once held more oxygen than cooler regions, reshaping where early life could survive and evolve.

South Africa’s exceptionally preserved ancient rocks hold key evidence for the rise ofatmospheric oxygen. Within them, researchers see the disappearance of sulfur mass-independent fractionation, ...

Evidence from fossil shells suggests that falling seawater calcium helped lock away carbon dioxide and helped cool Earth after the dinosaurs.

Our planet is unique for its ability to sustain abundant life. From studies of the rock record, scientists believe life had already emerged on Earth at least 3.5 billion years ago and probably much ...

Narrow bands of ocean covering just over one-third of the world's seas are responsible for absorbing nearly three-quarters of ...