Troubleshooting refrigeration equipment often requires measuring various electrical properties such as voltages, current flows, and resistances. Understanding these basic electrical fundamentals and ...

An electric current is a flow of charged particles. A source of energy, such as a cell or battery, is required to make the free electrons move in one direction. Electrons are negatively charged ...

It has long been known that the simple combination of a depletion-mode MOSFET (and before these were available, a JFET) and a resistor made a simple, serviceable current source such as that seen on ...

The first major performance item to review is large-signal load-transient response performance. Here, a large-signal phrase is used in contrast to a small-signal. A small-signal transient literally ...

Growing concerns about energy efficiency have led to the development of electronics with higher power density. In grid-connected and industrial applications, such as AC motor control, uninterruptible ...

When you measure a voltage, how do you know that your measurement is correct? Because your multimeter says so, of course! But how can you trust your multimeter to give the right reading? Calibration ...

So we know from a previous video that electricity is the flow of electrons between atoms. These electrons can move about randomly. So we use voltage to push the electrons around a circuit. And when we ...

Current sources are widely used in industrial control systems to transport analog process signals over long distances, but they are less widely used than voltage sources. This post loosely reviews the ...