Distributing water on a large scale has been a challenge that the world has tackled for decades. It is a particular challenge in high-rise buildings, and with a trend for designers to build up in ...

Can variable speed pumps be used on compensated heating circuits, in place of three port and pressure relief valves. Are they cost effective, and how is the pump controlled? Variable speed driven ...

A heat pump functions as a typical air conditioning system in the cooling mode — absorbing heat from indoors and rejecting it outdoors. In heating mode, the coils reverse their functions. The outdoor ...

Variable primary chilled water systems can be a cost-effective alternative to standard primary/secondary systems and are becoming more commonplace for that reason. At the same time, these systems are ...